Guia del segundo parcial

Guía de inglés segundo parcial:

1.- Past To Be

To Be - Affirmative

Subject	To Be	Examples
I	was	I was tired this morning.
You	were	You were very good.
He	was	He was the best in his class.
She	was	She was late for work.
It	was	It was a sunny day.
We	were	We were at home.
You	were	You were on holiday.
They	were	They were happy with their test results.

To Be - Negative Sentences

The negative of To Be can be made by adding not after the verb (was or were).

Subject	To Be	Examples
I	was not	I was not tired this morning.
You	were not	You were not crazy.
He	was not	He was not married.
She	was not	She was not famous.
It	was not	It was not hot yesterday.
We	were not	We were not invited.
You	were not	You were not at the party.
They	were not	They were not friends.

To Be - Negative Contractions

The can make negative contractions of the verb To Be in the Past tense by joining the verb (was or were) and n't (e.g. were not = weren't). We don't make a contraction of the subject and the verb (e.g. I was).

I was not tired this morning.	OR	I wasn't tired this morning.
You were not crazy.	OR	You weren't crazy.
He was not married.	OR	He wasn't married.
She was not famous.	OR	She wasn't famous.
It was not hot yesterday.	OR	It wasn't hot yesterday.
We were not invited.	OR	We weren't invited.
You were not at the party.	OR	You weren't at the party.
They were not friends.	OR	They weren't friends.

* Notice that we don't have contractions for To Be in Past Tense affirmative sentences.

2.- Past Obligation

We use could to talk about general abilities in the past.

·         He could speak fluent French when he was 5.

·         I could read before I started school.

Ability on one occasion

However, when we talk about ability on one particular occasion, we can’t use could

·         The burglar was able to get in through the bathroom window.

·         The burglar managed to get in through the bathroom window.

We have to use was able to or managed to. We can’t use could.

·         The burglar could get in through the bathroom window.

Ability on one occasion - negative

When we talk about a particular occasion when something wasn’t possible, we can use wasn’t/weren’t able to, didn’t manage to, or couldn’t

·         The burglar wasn’t able to get in through the window.

·         The burglar didn’t manage to get in through the window.

·         The burglar couldn’t get in through the window.

Hypothetical past ability

Sometimes things were possible in the past but didn’t happen.

·         I could have gone to university but I decided to get a job.

·         I would have been able to win the race but I fell over.

We use could have (+ past participle) or would have been able to to talk about these hypothetical events. They can be used in the positive and the negative.

·         I couldn’t have done it without your help.

·         I wouldn’t have been able to afford it even if it had been for sale.

3.- Past Have to

Afirmativo

Forma larga	Forma corta
I had	I'd
You had	You'd
He had	He'd
She had	She'd
It had	It'd
We had	We'd
You had	You'd
They had	They'd

Ejemplos

I had flu last week.	Tuve la gripe la semana pasada.
You´d an idea.	Tuviste una idea.
She had a baby.	Tuvo un bebé.
They´d some friends.	Tuvieron algunos amigos.

Negativo

Sujeto + did + not + have + ....

Sujeto + had + not + ....

Forma larga	Forma corta	Forma larga	Forma corta	Forma corta
I did not have	I didn´t have	I had not	I hadn´t	I´d not
You did not have	You didn´t have	You had not	You hadn´t	You´d not
He did not have	He doesn't have	He had not	He hadn´t	He´d not
She did not have	She didn´t have	She had not	She hadn´t	She´d not
It did not have	It didn´t have	It had not	It hadn´t	It´d not
We did not have	We didn´t have	We had not	We hadn´t	We´d not
You did not have	You didn´t have	You had not	You hadn´t	You´d not
They did not have	They didn´t have	They had not	They hadn´t	They´d not

Ejemplos

I didn't have a good holiday.	No tuve unas buenas vacaciones.
You´d not arrived.	No habíais llegado.
He didn´t have to go.	No tenía que irse.
They hadn´t worked.	No habían trabajado.

 

 Interrogativo

Did + sujeto + have + ... ?

Had + sujeto + ... ?

Did I have ...?	Had I ...?
Did you have ...?	Had you ...?
Did he have ...?	Had he ...?
Did she have ...?	Had she ...?